The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to seize a surprise advantage. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.